Bob Marshall’s November 2024 BLS Analysis for Recruiters; 12/6/24
November BLS Preface
**“HIRE WIRE” – The Podcast for Recruiters**
Continuing with this BLS report—and thanks to Kevin Franks, our marketing guru—we will offer the monthly podcast for recruiters, “Hire Wire”, the deep dive that explores my report in a 15 minute audio format. So, for those of you who have asked for a shorter summary, we now have that available. Just click on one of the following links and enjoy the audio.
Here is the link: https://soundcloud.com/user-473591973/bobs-bls-3?si=9b9f3c71fe664a51bc05ee660a180b1b&utm_source=clipboard&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=social_sharing
Or you can use this. Click here to listen to the podcast version.
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BLS Analysis for Recruiters
November Business Articles
Nearly half of US workers won’t use allotted vacation by year end, survey finds
SIA, Amrita Ahuja, November 27, 2024
Nearly half of US workers, 48%, do not expect to use all their allotted vacation days by year end, according to a survey released Nov. 21 by management consultancy Eagle Hill Consulting.
While 85% of workers said mandating a minimum amount of vacation days annually would benefit employers, 37% favored an unlimited time-off policy.
Preferences for employer-paid time-off policies varied. Thirty-seven percent of employees reported wanting unlimited vacation days, 31% preferred a designated number of paid days off, 27% desired a designated number of sick and vacation days and 4% opted for no paid time off.
Impediments to taking a vacation include:
The expense of taking a vacation, 44%
Self-imposed pressures, 28%
Heavy workload, 24%
No paid time off, 24%
No colleagues available to cover work, 21%
Pressure from managers, 14%
Organizational culture, 12%
Overall, 36% of Americans have not taken a vacation in the past year.
“We’re seeing a bit of mixed messages among workers. On the one hand, Eagle Hill’s research finds more than one-third of workers say they want unlimited vacation, but half of workers already aren’t using their allotted vacation time,” Eagle Hill Consulting president and CEO Melissa Jezior said in a press release.
“It’s also intriguing that employees favor mandates of vacation time. Perhaps what we are seeing is employees feel they cannot take time off either for workload or workplace culture reasons, and they want to be compelled to take time away from work.”
The survey noted these findings come as 45% of US workers report burnout, with Gen Z and millennials experiencing the highest levels at 54% and 52%, respectively.
Burnout was also more prevalent among women, at 49%, than men, at 41%.
Other findings in the report:
43% of respondents have a designated number of paid days off, 32% have separate sick and vacation days, 10% have unlimited time off and 14% have no paid time off.
While 58% of respondents fully disconnected on their last vacation, 24% checked email/messages and 5% continued working.
“The holiday season is right around the corner, which can be stressful for employees, especially as nearly half the workforce reports burnout,” Jezior said.
Jezior urged leaders to encourage time off to reduce burnout and set an example by taking time away from work themselves.
“Of course, taking time off in the coming weeks isn’t possible in some jobs like retail and public safety, but employers can encourage breaks before or after the holidays or offer flexible work schedules. Establishing a culture that fosters taking time away to recharge can be highly beneficial to employers in terms of lowering burnout level, improving employee engagement and fostering employee wellness,” Jezior said.
The survey includes responses from 1,387 US workers. It was conducted from Oct. 4 to Oct. 9.
Generational divide in workplace communication, Express poll finds
SIA, Katherine Alvarez, November 15, 2024
Nearly three-quarters of employed US job seekers, 72%, believe their company fosters a safe and trusting environment that encourages honest communication, according to a recent Express Employment Professionals-Harris Poll survey. However, a generational divide is evident.
Gen Zers and millennials reported significantly more confidence in workplace communication than their Gen X counterparts, at 76% and 77% versus 62%, respectively.
The survey also found that less than half, 45%, feel comfortable discussing personal issues impacting their work with a supervisor. Still, this also varied widely by generation with 24% of boomers/seniors finding it easy compared to members of Gen Z, 46%; millennials, 53%; and Gen Xers, 37%.
Notably, 16% of employed job seekers don’t feel they can speak candidly to anyone at their job about concerns or issues regarding their employer.
“Creating a culture of honesty is not just about encouraging transparency among employees; it’s about equipping business leaders with the right tools and training to have open, honest conversations,” Express Employment International CEO Bill Stoller said in a press release.
“This survey shows each generation brings a unique communication style to the workplace, and it’s important for management to adapt their approach and provide tailored training to ensure effective communication across all age groups,” Stoller said.
From the company perspective, a majority of US hiring managers, 86%, believe their company has built a safe and trusting environment that promotes honest communication and almost all, 95%, feel that employees can speak honestly with anyone at the company regarding their concerns or issues, with managers/supervisors and peers/colleagues being the most common points of contact.
The Job Insights survey took place between May 16 and June 3, among 1,003 US hiring decision-makers; the Job Seeker Report took place from May 28 to June 10 among 1,002 adults. The Harris Poll conducted both surveys online within the US on behalf of Express Employment Professionals.
Korn Ferry is The New Owner of Trilogy International
SIA Editorial Staff, November 4, 2024
Korn Ferry closed on its acquisition of the UK-based technology staffing firm Trilogy International.
“Trilogy operates at the forefront of change in a large addressable market. The company’s highly relevant digital interim professional offerings, combined with a broad EMEA footprint, will be a great fit for Korn Ferry and our clients,” Korn Ferry CEO Gary D. Burnison said in a press release.
Trilogy operates in Europe, the Middle East and Africa as well as in the US.
“Trilogy is known as the ‘technologist’s recruiter’ — bringing to our clients a bespoke, consultative, high-touch approach,” Trilogy co-founder and Managing Director Ivan Jackson said in a press release. “Our success is grounded in delivering the right talent with the right knowledge and technology skills to drive business value and transformation.”
Terms of the transaction were not announced.
Trilogy was founded in 2014. It has offices in London; Galway, Ireland; and New York.
Korn Ferry has been contacted for more information.
ADP National Employment Report: Private Sector Employment Increased by 146,000 Jobs in November; Over 17% of the New Job Creation (25,000) came from Small & Medium Establishments; Annual Pay was Up 4.8%
ROSELAND, N.J. – December 4, 2024
Private sector employment increased by 146,000 jobs in November and annual pay was up 4.8% year-over-year, according to the November ADP® National Employment Report TM produced by ADP Research in collaboration with the Stanford Digital Economy Lab (“Stanford Lab”).
The ADP National Employment Report is an independent measure and high-frequency view of the private-sector labor market based on actual, anonymized payroll data of more than 25,000,000 U.S. employees.
The jobs report and pay insights use ADP’s fine-grained anonymized and aggregated payroll data to provide a representative picture of the private-sector labor market. The report details the current month’s total private employment change, and weekly job data from the previous month. Because the underlying ADP payroll databases are continuously updated, the report provides a high frequency, near real-time measure of U.S. employment. This measure reflects the number of employees on ADP client payrolls (Payroll Employment) to provide a richer understanding of the labor market. ADP’s pay measure uniquely captures the earnings of a cohort of almost 10,000,000 employees over a 12-month period.
* Sum of components may not equal total due to rounding. The October total of jobs added was revised from 233,000 to 184,000. Our November employment estimates are informed by the latest Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data, which caused a downward revision in October. Our annual benchmarking of the full data series will occur with the January 2025 NER release
“While overall growth for the month was healthy, industry performance was mixed,” said Nela Richardson, chief economist, ADP. “Manufacturing was the weakest we’ve seen since spring. Financial services and leisure and hospitality were also soft.”
JOBS REPORT
Private employers added 146,000 jobs in November. Strong hiring at large employers led this month’s growth.
Change in U.S. Private Employment: 146,000
Change by Industry Sector
Goods-producing: 6,000
Natural resources/mining 2,000
Construction 30,000
Manufacturing <-26,000>
Service-providing: 140,000
Trade/transportation/utilities 28,000
Information 4,000
Financial activities 5,000
Professional/business services 18,000
Education/health services 50,000
Leisure/hospitality 15,000
Other services 20,000
Change by U.S. Regions
Northeast: 38,000
New England <-10,000>
Middle Atlantic 48,000
Midwest: 31,000
East North Central 26,000
West North Central 5,000
South: 61,000
South Atlantic 42,000
East South Central <-11,000>
West South Central 30,000
West: 29,000
Mountain 18,000
Pacific 11,000
Change by Establishment Size
Small establishments: <-17,000>
1-19 employees 12,000
20-49 employees <-29,000>
Medium establishments: 42,000
50-249 employees 23,000
250-499 employees 19,000
Large establishments: 120,000
500+ employees 120,000
PAY INSIGHTS
Pay gains accelerated in November
Year-over-year pay gains for job-stayers edged up for the first time in 25 months, to 4.8%.
For job changers, pay gains rose to 7.2%.
Median Change in Annual Pay (ADP matched person sample)
Job-Stayers 4.8%
Job-Changers 7.2%
Median Change in Annual Pay for Job-Stayers by Industry Sector
Goods-producing:
Natural resources/mining 3.6%
Construction 5.2%
Manufacturing 4.7%
Service-providing:
Trade/transportation/utilities 4.6%
Information 4.5%
Financial activities 5.0%
Professional/business services 4.7%
Education/health services 5.1%
Leisure/hospitality 4.9%
Other services 4.9%
Median Change in Annual Pay for Job-Stayers by Firm Size
Small firms:
1-19 employees 4.2%
20-49 employees 4.8%
Medium firms:
50-249 employees 4.9%
250-499 employees 4.8%
Large firms:
500+ employees 4.7%
The December 2024 ADP National Employment Report will be released at 8:15 a.m. ET on January 8, 2025.
Bottom-line: To my audience of recruiters, always remember this: Our ‘bread and butter’, especially on the contingency side of the house, has historically been, and continues to be, small and medium-sized client companies. Along with the large companies, these companies need to be included in your niche!
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – October 2024
December 3, 2024
The number of job openings was little changed at 7,700,000 on the last business day of October, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires changed little at 5,300,000. The number of total separations was little changed at 5,300,000. Within separations, quits (3,300,000) increased, but layoffs and discharges (1,600,000 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by establishment size class.
Job Openings
The number of job openings was little changed at 7,700,000 on the last business day of October but was down by 941,000 over the year. The job openings rate, at 4.6%, changed little over the month. The number of job openings increased in professional and business services (+209,000), accommodation and food services (+162,000), and information (+87,000) but decreased in federal government (-26,000).
Hires
In October, the number of hires changed little at 5,300,000 but was down by 501,000 over the year. The hires rate was little changed at 3.3%. Hires decreased in private educational services (-24,000).
Separations
Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.
The number of total separations in October was little changed at 5,300,000 but was down by 369,000 over the year. The total separations rate was 3.3% for the third month in a row.
In October, the number of quits increased to 3,300,000 (+228,000) but was down by 308,000 over the year. Over the month, the quits rate increased to 2.1%. Quits increased in accommodation and food services (+90,000).
In October, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1,600,000 and 1.0%, respectively. Layoffs and discharges increased in retail trade (+60,000) but decreased in durable goods manufacturing (-37,000) and in private educational services
(-14,000).
The number of other separations changed little at 301,000 in October.
Establishment Size Class
The hires rate for establishments with 1 to 9 employees decreased in October, while the job openings, quits, layoffs and discharges, and total separations rates showed little change. For establishments with 5,000 or more employees, the job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and total separations rates showed little change.
September 2024 Revisions
The number of job openings for September was revised down by 71,000 to 7,400,000, the number of hires was revised up 24,000 to 5,600,000, and the number of total separations was unchanged at 5,200,000. Within separations, the number of quits was revised up by 27,000 to 3,100,000, and the number of layoffs and discharges was revised down by 31,000 to 1,800,000. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
___________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for November 2024 are scheduled to be released on Tuesday, January 7, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
As we recruiters know, that 7,700,000 number only represents 20% of the jobs currently available in the marketplace. The other 80% of job openings are unpublished and are filled through networking or word of mouth or by using a RECRUITER. So, those 7,700,000 published job openings now become a total of 38,500,000 published and hidden job orders.
Online Labor Demand Increases in October
November 13, 2024
The Conference Board−Lightcast Help Wanted OnLine® (HWOL) Index increased in October 2024 to 116.0 (July 2018=100), up from a downwardly revised 113.7 in September. The 2.0% increase between October and September followed a 5.3% decrease between September and August. Overall, the Index is down 12.6% from one year ago.
The HWOL Index measures the change in advertised online job vacancies over time, reflecting monthly trends in employment opportunities across the US. The Help Wanted OnLine® Index is produced in collaboration with Lightcast, the global leader in real-time labor market data and analysis. This collaboration enhances the Help Wanted OnLine® program by providing additional insights into important labor market trends.
PROGRAM NOTES
Prior to 2020, The Conference Board constructed the HWOL Index based solely on online job ads over time. Using a methodology designed to reduce non-economic volatility contributed by online job sources, the HWOL Index served an effective measure of changes in labor demand over time.
Beginning January 2020, the HWOL Index was refined as an estimate of change in job openings (based on BLS JOLTS), using a series of econometric models which incorporate job ads with other macroeconomic indicators such as employment and aggregate hours worked. By adopting a modeled approach which combines other data sources with data on online job ads, the HWOL Index more accurately tracks important movements in the labor market.
HWOL Annual Revision
With the May 2024 press release, the HWOL program has incorporated its annual revision, which helps ensure the accuracy and consistency of the HWOL Data Series. This year’s annual revision includes updates to the Occupational coding, the Industry coding, and the Geography coding for the HWOL Data Series from January 2015-forward. The HWOL Index has also been updated from January 2020-forward.
In August 2024, Lightcast and The Conference Board identified a technical coding error in the HWOL Data Series. The HWOL Data Series was historically revised from March 2024-present with the release of the July 2024 data.
The Conference Board-Lightcast Help Wanted OnLine® (HWOL) Index measures changes over time in advertised online job vacancies, reflecting monthly trends in employment opportunities across the US. The HWOL Data Series aggregates the total number of ads available by month from the HWOL universe of online job ads. Ads in the HWOL universe are collected in real-time from over 50,000 online job domains including traditional job boards, corporate boards, social media sites, and smaller job sites that serve niche markets and smaller geographic areas.
Like The Conference Board’s long-running Help Wanted Advertising Index of print ads (which was published for over 55 years and discontinued in July 2008), Help Wanted OnLine® measures help wanted advertising—i.e. labor demand. The HWOL Data Series began in May 2005 and was revised in December 2018. With the December 2018 revision, The Conference Board released the HWOL Index, improving upon the HWOL Data Series’ ability to assess local labor market trends by reducing volatility and non-economic noise and improving correlation with local labor market conditions.
In 2019, Lightcast (formerly Emsi Burning Glass) joined the Help Wanted OnLine® program as the new sole provider of online job ad data for HWOL. With this partnership, the HWOL Data Series has been revised historically to reflect a new universe and methodology of online job advertisements and therefore cannot be used in conjunction with the pre-revised HWOL Data Series. The HWOL Data Series begins in January 2015 and the HWOL Index begins in December 2005. HWOL Index values prior to 2020 are based on job ads collected by CEB, Inc.
Those using this data are urged to review the information on the database and methodology available on The Conference Board website and contact us with questions and comments.
About The Conference Board
The Conference Board is the member-driven think tank that delivers Trusted Insights for What’s Ahead™. Founded in 1916, we are a non-partisan, not-for-profit entity holding 501 (c) (3) tax-exempt status in the United States.
About Lightcast
As the global leader in labor market analytics, Lightcast illuminates the future of work with data-driven talent strategies. Formerly Emsi Burning Glass, Lightcast finds purpose in sharing the insights that build communities, educators, and companies, and takes pride in knowing our work helps others find fulfillment, too. Headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, and Moscow, Idaho, Lightcast is active in more than 30 countries and has offices in the United Kingdom, Italy, New Zealand, and India. Lightcast is backed by global private equity leader KKR.
The next release for November 2024 is Wednesday, December 11, 2024
U-6 Update
In November 2024, the regular unemployment rate rose to 4.2% and the broader U-6 measure rose to 7.8%.
The above 7.8% is referred to as the U-6 unemployment rate (found in the monthly BLS Employment Situation Summary, Table A-15; Table A-12 in 2008 and before). It counts not only people without work seeking full-time employment (the more familiar U-3 rate), but also counts “marginally attached workers and those working part-time for economic reasons.” Note that some of these part-time workers counted as employed by U-3 could be working as little as an hour a week. And the “marginally attached workers” include those who have gotten discouraged and stopped looking, but still want to work. The age considered for this calculation is 16 years and over.
Here is a look at the November U-6 numbers for the previous 21 years:
November 2023 7.0%
November 2022 6.7%
November 2021 7.7%
November 2020 12.0%
November 2019 6.8%
November 2018 7.6%
November 2017 8.0%
November 2016 9.3%
November 2015 9.3%
November 2014 11.4%
November 2013 13.1%
November 2012 14.4%
November 2011 15.6%
November 2010 17.0%
November 2009 17.2%
November 2008 12.6%
November 2007 8.4%
November 2006 8.0%
November 2005 8.7%
November 2004 9.4%
November 2003 10.1%
The November 2024 BLS Analysis
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 227,000 in November, and the unemployment rate changed little at 4.2%, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment trended up in health care, leisure and hospitality, government and social assistance. Retail trade lost jobs.
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for September was revised up by 32,000, from +223,000 to +225,000, and the change for October was revised up by 24,000, from +12,000 to +36,000. With these revisions, employment in September and October combined is 56,000 higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
The unemployment rate is also published by the BLS. That rate is found by dividing the number of unemployed by the total civilian labor force. On December 6th, 2024, the BLS published the most recent unemployment rate for November 2024 of 4.2% (actually, it is 4.246% up .101% from 4.145% in October).
The unemployment rate was determined by dividing the unemployed of 7,145,000
(–up from the month before by 161,000—since November 2023, this number has increased by 883,000) by the total civilian labor force of 168,286,000 (down by 193,000 from October 2024). Since November 2023, our total civilian labor force has increased by 159,000 workers.
(The continuing ‘Strange BLS Math’ saga—after a detour in December 2016 when the BLS {for the first time in years} DECREASED the total Civilian Noninstitutional Population—this month the BLS increased this total to 269,463,000. This is an increase of 174,000 from last month’s increase of 209,000. In one year, this population has increased by 1,641,000. For the last several years the Civilian Noninstitutional Population has increased each month—except in December 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020 & 2023—by…)
| Up from October 2024 | by | 174,000 |
| Up from September 2024 | by | 209,000 |
| Up from August 2024 | by | 224,000 |
| Up from July 2024 | by | 212,000 |
| Up from June 2024 | by | 206,000 |
| Up from May 2024 | by | 190,000 |
| Up from April 2024 | by | 182,000 |
| Up from March 2024 | by | 182,000 |
| Up from February 2024 | by | 173,000 |
| Up from January 2024 | by | 171,000 |
| Down from December 2023 | by | 451,000 |
| Up from November 2023 | by | 169,000 |
| Up from October 2023 | by | 180,000 |
| Up from September 2023 | by | 214,000 |
| Up from August 2023 | by | 215,000 |
| Up from July 2023 | by | 211,000 |
| Up from June 2023 | by | 152,000 |
| Up from May 2023 | by | 183,000 |
| Up from April 2023 | by | 175,000 |
| Up from March 2023 | by | 171,000 |
| Up from February 2023 | by | 160,000 |
| Up from January 2023 | by | 150,000 |
| Up from December 2022 | by | 1,118,000 |
| Up from November 2022 | by | 136,000 |
| Up from October 2022 | by | 173,000 |
| Up from September 2022 | by | 179,000 |
| Up from August 2022 | by | 172,000 |
| Up from July 2022 | by | 172,000 |
| Up from June 2022 | by | 177,000 |
| Up from May 2022 | by | 156,000 |
| Up from April 2022 | by | 120,000 |
| Up from March 2022 | by | 115,000 |
| Up from February 2022 | by | 120,000 |
| Up from January 2022 | by | 122,000 |
| Up from December 2021 | by | 1,066,000 |
| Up from November 2021 | by | 107,000 |
| Up from October 2021 | by | 121,000 |
Subtract the ‘civilian labor force’ from the ‘civilian noninstitutional population’) and you get 101,177,000 ‘Not in Labor Force’—up by 368,000 from last month’s 100,809,000. In one year, this NILF population has increased by 1,482,000. The government tells us that most of these NILFs got discouraged and just gave up looking for a job. My monthly recurring question is: “If that is the case, how do they survive when they don’t earn any money because they don’t have a job? Are they ALL relying on the government to support them??”
This month, our Employment Participation Rate—the population 16 years and older working or seeking work—remained at 62.5%. This rate is only .1% higher than the historically low rate of 62.4% recorded in September 2015—and, before that, the rate recorded in October 1977—9 months into Jimmy Carter’s presidency—almost 40 years ago!
Final take on these numbers: Fewer people looking for work will always bring down the unemployment rate.
Anyway, back to the point I am trying to make. On the surface, these new unemployment
rates are scary, but let’s look a little deeper and consider some other numbers.
The unemployment rate includes all types of workers—construction workers, government workers, etc. We recruiters, on the other hand, mainly place management, professional and related types of workers. That unemployment rate in November was 2.2% (this rate was .1% lower than last month’s 2.3%). Or you can look at it another way. We usually place people who have college degrees. That unemployment rate in November was 2.4% (this rate was .1% lower than last month’s 2.5%).
Now stay with me a little longer. This gets better. It’s important to understand (and none of the pundits mention this) that the unemployment rate, for many reasons, will never be 0%, no matter how good the economy is. Without boring you any more than I have already, let me add here that Milton Friedman (the renowned Nobel Prize-winning economist), is famous for the theory of the “natural rate of unemployment” (or the term he preferred, NAIRU, which is the acronym for Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment). Basically, this theory states that full employment presupposes an ‘unavoidable and acceptable’ unemployment rate of somewhere between 4-6% with it. Economists often settle on 5%, although the “New Normal Unemployment Rate” has been suggested to fall at 6.7%.
Nevertheless (if you will allow me to apply a ‘macro’ concept to a ‘micro’ issue), if this rate is applied to our main category of Management, Professional and Related types of potential recruits, and/or our other main category of College-Degreed potential recruits,
we are well below the 4-6% threshold for full employment…we find no unemployment! None! Zilch! A Big Goose Egg!
THE IMPORTANCE OF GDP
“The economic goal of any nation, as of any individual, is to get the greatest results with the least effort. The whole economic progress of mankind has consisted in getting more production with the same labor…Translated into national terms, this first principle means that our real objective is to maximize production. In doing this, full employment—that is, the absence of involuntary idleness—becomes a necessary by-product. But production is the end, employment merely the means. We cannot continuously have the fullest production without full employment. But we can very easily have full employment without full production.”
–Economics in One Lesson, by Henry Hazlitt, Chapter X, “The Fetish of Full Employment”
On November 27th, the real gross domestic product (GDP) increased at an annual rate of 2.8% in the third quarter of 2024, according to the “second” estimate released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. In the second quarter of 2023, real GDP increased 3.0%.
The GDP estimate released today is based on more complete source data than were available for the “advance” estimate issued last month. In the advance estimate, the increase in real GDP was also 2.8%. The update primarily reflected upward revisions to private inventory investment and nonresidential fixed investment as well as downward revisions to exports and consumer spending. Imports, which are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, were revised down.
The increase in real GDP primarily reflected increases in consumer spending, exports, federal government spending, and nonresidential fixed investment. Imports, which are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, increased.
Compared to the second quarter, the deceleration in real GDP in the third quarter primarily reflected a downturn in private inventory investment and a larger decrease in residential fixed investment. These movements were partly offset by accelerations in exports, consumer spending, and federal government spending. Imports have accelerated.
Updates to GDP
The second estimate reflects upward revisions to private inventory investment, nonresidential fixed investment, state and local government spending, and residential fixed investment as well as downward revisions to exports, consumer spending, and federal government spending. Imports were revised down.
* * *
Next release, December 19, 2024, at 8:30 a.m. EST
Gross Domestic Product (Third Estimate)
Corporate Profits (Revised Estimate)
Gross Domestic Product by Industry
Third Quarter 2024
IT IS IMPOSSIBLE FOR UNEMPLOYMENT EVER TO BE ZERO
‘Unemployment’ is an emotional ‘trigger’ word…a ‘third rail’, if you will. It conjures up negative thoughts. But it is important to realize that, while we want everyone who wants a job to have the opportunity to work, unemployment can never be zero and, in fact, can be disruptive to an economy if it gets too close to zero. Very low unemployment can actually hurt the economy by creating an upward pressure on wages which invariably leads to higher production costs and prices. This can lead to inflation. The lowest the unemployment rate has been in the US was 2.5%. That was in May and June 1953 when the economy overheated due to the Korean War. When this bubble burst, it kicked off the Recession of 1953. A healthy economy will always include some percentage of unemployment.
There are five main sources of unemployment:
1. Cyclical (or demand-deficient) unemployment – This type of unemployment fluctuates with the business cycle. It rises during a recession and falls during the subsequent recovery. Workers who are most affected by this type of unemployment are laid off during a recession when production volumes fall, and companies use lay-offs as the easiest way to reduce costs. These workers are usually rehired, some months later, when the economy improves.
2. Frictional unemployment – This comes from the normal turnover in the labor force. This is where new workers are entering the workforce and older workers are retiring and leaving vacancies to be filled by the new workers or those re-entering the workforce. This category includes workers who are between jobs.
3. Structural unemployment – This happens when the skills possessed by the unemployed worker don’t match the requirements of the opening—whether those be in characteristics and skills or in location. This can come from new technology or foreign competition (e.g., foreign outsourcing). This type of unemployment usually lasts longer than frictional unemployment because retraining, and sometimes relocation, is involved. Occasionally jobs in this category can just disappear overseas.
4. Seasonal unemployment – This happens when the workforce is affected by the climate or time of year. Construction workers and agricultural workers aren’t needed as much during the winter season because of the inclement weather. On the other hand, retail workers experience an increase in hiring shortly before, and during, the holiday season, but can be laid off shortly thereafter.
5. Surplus unemployment – This is caused by minimum wage laws and unions. When wages are set at a higher level, unemployment can often result. Why? To keep within the same payroll budget, the company must let go of some workers to pay the remaining workers a higher salary.
Other factors influencing the unemployment rate:
1. Length of unemployment – Some studies indicate that an important factor influencing a worker’s decision to accept a new job is directly related to the length of the unemployment benefit they are receiving. Currently, workers in most states are eligible for up to 26 weeks of benefits from the regular state-funded unemployment compensation program.
Extended Benefits are available to workers who have exhausted regular unemployment insurance benefits during periods of high unemployment. The basic Extended Benefits program provides up to 13 additional weeks of benefits when a State is experiencing high unemployment. Some States have also enacted a voluntary program to pay up to 7 additional weeks (20 weeks maximum) of Extended Benefits during periods of extremely high unemployment.
Studies suggest that additional weeks of benefits reduce the incentive of the unemployed to seek and accept less-desirable jobs.
2. Changes in GDP – Since hiring workers takes time, the improvement in the unemployment rate usually lags the improvement in the GDP.
WHERE RECRUITERS PLACE
Now back to the issue at hand, namely the recruiting, and placing, of professionals and those with college degrees.
If you look at the past 24 years of unemployment in the November “management, professional and related” types of worker category, you will find the following rates:
November 2023 1.8%
November 2022 1.8%
November 2021 1.9%
November 2020 3.7%
November 2019 1.8%
November 2018 2.1%
November 2017 2.0%
November 2016 2.3%
November 2015 2.1%
November 2014 2.8%
November 2013 3.1%
November 2012 3.6%
November 2011 4.2%
November 2010 4.7%
November 2009 4.6%
November 2008 3.2%
November 2007 1.8%
November 2006 1.7%
November 2005 2.1%
November 2004 2.4%
November 2003 2.9%
November 2002 2.9%
November 2001 2.8%
November 2000 1.7%
Here are the rates, during those same time periods, for “college-degreed” workers:
November 2023 2.1%
November 2022 2.0%
November 2021 2.2%
November 2020 4.2%
November 2019 2.0%
November 2018 2.2%
November 2017 2.1%
November 2016 2.3%
November 2015 2.5%
November 2014 3.2%
November 2013 3.4%
November 2012 3.9%
November 2011 4.4%
November 2010 5.1%
November 2009 4.9%
November 2008 3.2%
November 2007 2.2%
November 2006 1.9%
November 2005 2.2%
November 2004 2.5%
November 2003 3.1%
November 2002 2.9%
November 2001 2.9%
November 2000 1.6%
The November 2024 rates for these two categories, 2.2% and 2.4%, respectively, are pretty low. But regardless, these unemployment numbers usually include a good number of job hoppers, job shoppers and rejects. We, on the other hand, are engaged by our client companies to find those candidates who are happy, well-appreciated, making good money and currently working and we entice them to move for even better opportunities—especially where new technologies are expanding. This will never change. And that is why, no matter the overall unemployment rate, we still need to MARKET to find the best possible job orders to work and we still need to RECRUIT to find the best possible candidates for those Job Orders.
Below are the numbers for the over 25-year old’s:
Less than H.S. diploma – Unemployment Rate
| 1/08 | 2/08 | 3/08 | 4/08 | 5/08 | 6/08 | 7/08 | 8/08 | 9/08 | 10/08 | 11/08 | 12/08 |
| 7.7% | 7.4% | 8.2% | 7.9% | 8.4% | 8.9% | 8.6% | 9.7% | 9.8% | 10.4% | 10.6% | 10.9% |
| 1/09 | 2/09 | 3/09 | 4/09 | 5/09 | 6/09 | 7/09 | 8/09 | 9/09 | 10/09 | 11/09 | 12/09 |
| 12.0% | 12.6% | 13.3% | 14.8% | 15.5% | 15.5% | 15.4% | 15.6% | 15.0% | 15.5% | 15.0% | 15.3% |
| 1/10 | 2/10 | 3/10 | 4/10 | 5/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 8/10 | 9/10 | 10/10 | 11/10 | 12/10 |
| 15.2% | 15.6% | 14.5% | 14.7% | 15.0% | 14.1% | 13.8% | 14.0% | 15.4% | 15.3% | 15.7% | 15.3% |
| 1/11 | 2/11 | 3/11 | 4/11 | 5/11 | 6/11 | 7/11 | 8/11 | 9/11 | 10/11 | 11/11 | 12/11 |
| 14.2% | 13.9% | 13.7% | 14.6% | 14.7% | 14.3% | 15.0% | 14.3% | 14.0% | 13.8% | 13.2% | 13.8% |
| 1/12 | 2/12 | 3/12 | 4/12 | 5/12 | 6/12 | 7/12 | 8/12 | 9/12 | 10/12 | 11/12 | 12/12 |
| 13.1% | 12.9% | 12.6% | 12.5% | 13.0% | 12.6% | 12.7% | 12.0% | 11.3% | 12.2% | 12.2% | 11.7% |
| 1/13 | 2/13 | 3/13 | 4/13 | 5/13 | 6/13 | 7/13 | 8/13 | 9/13 | 10/13 | 11/13 | 12/13 |
| 12.0% | 11.2% | 11.1% | 11.6% | 11.1% | 10.7% | 11.0% | 11.3% | 10.3% | 10.9% | 10.8% | 9.8% |
| 1/14 | 2/14 | 3/14 | 4/14 | 5/14 | 6/14 | 7/14 | 8/14 | 9/14 | 10/14 | 11/14 | 12/14 |
| 9.6% | 9.8% | 9.6% | 8.9% | 9.1% | 9.1% | 9.6% | 9.1% | 8.4% | 7.9% | 8.5% | 8.8% |
| 1/15 | 2/15 | 3/15 | 4/15 | 5/15 | 6/15 | 7/15 | 8/15 | 9/15 | 10/15 | 11/15 | 12/15 |
| 8.5% | 8.4% | 8.6% | 8.6% | 8.6% | 8.2% | 8.3% | 7.7% | 7.7% | 7.3% | 6.8% | 6.7% |
| 1/16 | 2/16 | 3/16 | 4/16 | 5/16 | 6/16 | 7/16 | 8/16 | 9/16 | 10/16 | 11/16 | 12/16 |
| 7.4% | 7.3% | 7.4% | 7.5% | 7.1% | 7.5% | 6.3% | 7.2% | 8.5% | 7.3% | 7.9% | 7.9% |
| 1/17 | 2/17 | 3/17 | 4/17 | 5/17 | 6/17 | 7/17 | 8/17 | 9/17 | 10/17 | 11/17 | 12/17 |
| 7.3% | 7.9% | 6.8% | 6.5% | 6.1% | 6.4% | 6.9% | 6.0% | 6.5% | 5.7% | 5.2% | 6.3% |
| 1/18 | 2/18 | 3/18 | 4/18 | 5/18 | 6/18 | 7/18 | 8/18 | 9/18 | 10/18 | 11/18 | 12/18 |
| 5.4% | 5.7% | 5.5% | 5.9% | 5.4% | 5.5% | 5.1% | 5.7% | 5.5% | 6.0% | 5.6% | 5.8% |
| 1/19 | 2/19 | 3/19 | 4/19 | 5/19 | 6/19 | 7/19 | 8/19 | 9/19 | 10/19 | 11/19 | 12/19 |
| 5.7% | 5.3% | 5.9% | 5.4% | 5.4% | 5.3% | 5.1% | 5.4% | 4.8% | 5.6% | 5.3% | 5.2% |
| 1/20 | 2/20 | 3/20 | 4/20 | 5/20 | 6/20 | 7/20 | 8/20 | 9/20 | 10/20 | 11/20 | 12/20 |
| 5.5% | 5.7% | 6.8% | 21.2% | 19.9% | 16.6% | 15.4% | 12.6% | 10.7% | 9.9% | 9.2% | 9.8% |
| 1/21 | 2/21 | 3/21 | 4/21 | 5/21 | 6/21 | 7/21 | 8/21 | 9/21 | 10/21 | 11/21 | 12/21 |
| 9.1% | 10.1% | 8.2% | 9.3% | 9.1% | 10.2% | 9.5% | 7.8% | 7.9% | 7.4% | 5.7% | 5.2% |
| 1/22 | 2/22 | 3/22 | 4/22 | 5/22 | 6/22 | 7/22 | 8/22 | 9/22 | 10/22 | 11/22 | 12/22 |
| 6.3% | 4.3% | 5.2% | 5.4% | 5.2% | 5.8% | 5.9% | 6.2% | 5.6% | 6.3% | 4.4% | 5.0% |
| 1/23 | 2/23 | 3/23 | 4/23 | 5/23 | 6/23 | 7/23 | 8/23 | 9/23 | 10/23 | 11/23 | 12/23 |
| 4.5% | 5.8% | 4.8% | 5.4% | 5.7% | 6.0% | 5.2% | 5.4% | 5.5% | 5.8% | 6.3% | 6.0% |
| 1/24 | 2/24 | 3/24 | 4/24 | 5/24 | 6/24 | 7/24 | 8/24 | 9/24 | 10/24 | 11/24 | 12/24 |
| 6.0% | 6.1% | 4.9% | 6.0% | 5.9% | 5.9% | 6.7% | 7.1% | 6.8% | 6.6% | 6.0% |
H.S. Grad; no college – Unemployment Rate
| 1/08 | 2/08 | 3/08 | 4/08 | 5/08 | 6/08 | 7/08 | 8/08 | 9/08 | 10/08 | 11/08 | 12/08 |
| 4.6% | 4.7% | 5.1% | 5.0% | 5.2% | 5.2% | 5.3% | 5.8% | 6.3% | 6.5% | 6.9% | 7.7% |
| 1/09 | 2/09 | 3/09 | 4/09 | 5/09 | 6/09 | 7/09 | 8/09 | 9/09 | 10/09 | 11/09 | 12/09 |
| 8.1% | 8.3% | 9.0% | 9.3% | 10.0% | 9.8% | 9.4% | 9.7% | 10.8% | 11.2% | 10.4% | 10.5% |
| 1/10 | 2/10 | 3/10 | 4/10 | 5/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 8/10 | 9/10 | 10/10 | 11/10 | 12/10 |
| 10.1% | 10.5% | 10.8% | 10.6% | 10.9% | 10.8% | 10.1% | 10.3% | 10.0% | 10.1% | 10.0% | 9.8% |
| 1/11 | 2/11 | 3/11 | 4/11 | 5/11 | 6/11 | 7/11 | 8/11 | 9/11 | 10/11 | 11/11 | 12/11 |
| 9.4% | 9.5% | 9.5% | 9.7% | 9.5% | 10.0% | 9.3% | 9.6% | 9.7% | 9.6% | 8.8% | 8.7% |
| 1/12 | 2/12 | 3/12 | 4/12 | 5/12 | 6/12 | 7/12 | 8/12 | 9/12 | 10/12 | 11/12 | 12/12 |
| 8.4% | 8.3% | 8.0% | 7.9% | 8.1% | 8.4% | 8.7% | 8.8% | 8.7% | 8.4% | 8.1% | 8.0% |
| 1/13 | 2/13 | 3/13 | 4/13 | 5/13 | 6/13 | 7/13 | 8/13 | 9/13 | 10/13 | 11/13 | 12/13 |
| 8.1% | 7.9% | 7.6% | 7.4% | 7.4% | 7.6% | 7.6% | 7.6% | 7.6% | 7.3% | 7.3% | 7.1% |
| 1/14 | 2/14 | 3/14 | 4/14 | 5/14 | 6/14 | 7/14 | 8/14 | 9/14 | 10/14 | 11/14 | 12/14 |
| 6.5% | 6.4% | 6.3% | 6.3% | 6.5% | 5.8% | 6.1% | 6.2% | 5.3% | 5.7% | 5.6% | 5.3% |
| 1/15 | 2/15 | 3/15 | 4/15 | 5/15 | 6/15 | 7/15 | 8/15 | 9/15 | 10/15 | 11/15 | 12/15 |
| 5.4% | 5.4% | 5.3% | 5.4% | 5.8% | 5.4% | 5.5% | 5.5% | 5.3% | 5.3% | 5.4% | 5.6% |
| 1/16 | 2/16 | 3/16 | 4/16 | 5/16 | 6/16 | 7/16 | 8/16 | 9/16 | 10/16 | 11/16 | 12/16 |
| 5.3% | 5.3% | 5.4% | 5.4% | 5.1% | 5.0% | 5.0% | 5.1% | 5.2% | 5.5% | 4.9% | 5.1% |
| 1/17 | 2/17 | 3/17 | 4/17 | 5/17 | 6/17 | 7/17 | 8/17 | 9/17 | 10/17 | 11/17 | 12/17 |
| 5.2% | 5.0% | 4.9% | 4.6% | 4.7% | 4.6% | 4.5% | 5.1% | 4.3% | 4.3% | 4.3% | 4.2% |
| 1/18 | 2/18 | 3/18 | 4/18 | 5/18 | 6/18 | 7/18 | 8/18 | 9/18 | 10/18 | 11/18 | 12/18 |
| 4.5% | 4.4% | 4.3% | 4.3% | 3.9% | 4.2% | 4.0% | 3.9% | 3.7% | 4.0% | 3.5% | 3.8% |
| 1/19 | 2/19 | 3/19 | 4/19 | 5/19 | 6/19 | 7/19 | 8/19 | 9/19 | 10/19 | 11/19 | 12/19 |
| 3.8% | 3.8% | 3.7% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.9% | 3.6% | 3.6% | 3.6% | 3.7% | 3.7% | 3.7% |
| 1/20 | 2/20 | 3/20 | 4/20 | 5/20 | 6/20 | 7/20 | 8/20 | 9/20 | 10/20 | 11/20 | 12/20 |
| 3.8% | 3.6% | 4.4% | 17.3% | 15.3% | 12.1% | 10.8% | 9.8% | 9.0% | 8.1% | 7.8% | 7.8% |
| 1/21 | 2/21 | 3/21 | 4/21 | 5/21 | 6/21 | 7/21 | 8/21 | 9/21 | 10/21 | 11/21 | 12/21 |
| 7.1% | 7.2% | 6.7% | 6.9% | 6.8% | 7.0% | 6.3% | 6.0% | 5.8% | 5.4% | 5.2% | 4.6% |
| 1/22 | 2/22 | 3/22 | 4/22 | 5/22 | 6/22 | 7/22 | 8/22 | 9/22 | 10/22 | 11/22 | 12/22 |
| 4.6% | 4.5% | 4.0% | 3.8% | 3.8% | 3.6% | 3.6% | 4.2% | 3.7% | 3.9% | 3.9% | 3.6% |
| 1/23 | 2/23 | 3/23 | 4/23 | 5/23 | 6/23 | 7/23 | 8/23 | 9/23 | 10/23 | 11/23 | 12/23 |
| 3.7% | 3.6% | 4.0% | 3.9% | 3.9% | 3.9% | 3.4% | 3.8% | 4.1% | 4.0% | 4.1% | 4.2% |
| 1/24 | 2/24 | 3/24 | 4/24 | 5/24 | 6/24 | 7/24 | 8/24 | 9/24 | 10/24 | 11/24 | 12/24 |
| 4.3% | 4.2% | 4.1% | 4.0% | 4.3% | 4.2% | 4.6% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 4.6% |
Some College; or AA/AS – Unemployment Rate
| 1/08 | 2/08 | 3/08 | 4/08 | 5/08 | 6/08 | 7/08 | 8/08 | 9/08 | 10/08 | 11/08 | 12/08 |
| 3.7% | 3.8% | 3.9% | 4.0% | 4.3% | 4.4% | 4.6% | 5.0% | 5.1% | 5.3% | 5.5% | 5.6% |
| 1/09 | 2/09 | 3/09 | 4/09 | 5/09 | 6/09 | 7/09 | 8/09 | 9/09 | 10/09 | 11/09 | 12/09 |
| 6.2% | 7.0% | 7.2% | 7.4% | 7.7% | 8.0% | 7.9% | 8.2% | 8.5% | 9.0% | 9.0% | 9.0% |
| 1/10 | 2/10 | 3/10 | 4/10 | 5/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 8/10 | 9/10 | 10/10 | 11/10 | 12/10 |
| 8.5% | 8.0% | 8.2% | 8.3% | 8.3% | 8.2% | 8.3% | 8.7% | 9.1% | 8.5% | 8.7% | 8.1% |
| 1/11 | 2/11 | 3/11 | 4/11 | 5/11 | 6/11 | 7/11 | 8/11 | 9/11 | 10/11 | 11/11 | 12/11 |
| 8.0% | 7.8% | 7.4% | 7.5% | 8.0% | 8.4% | 8.3% | 8.2% | 8.4% | 8.3% | 7.6% | 7.7% |
| 1/12 | 2/12 | 3/12 | 4/12 | 5/12 | 6/12 | 7/12 | 8/12 | 9/12 | 10/12 | 11/12 | 12/12 |
| 7.2% | 7.3% | 7.5% | 7.6% | 7.9% | 7.5% | 7.1% | 6.6% | 6.5% | 6.9% | 6.6% | 6.9% |
| 1/13 | 2/13 | 3/13 | 4/13 | 5/13 | 6/13 | 7/13 | 8/13 | 9/13 | 10/13 | 11/13 | 12/13 |
| 7.0% | 6.7% | 6.4% | 6.4% | 6.5% | 6.4% | 6.0% | 6.1% | 6.0% | 6.3% | 6.4% | 6.1% |
| 1/14 | 2/14 | 3/14 | 4/14 | 5/14 | 6/14 | 7/14 | 8/14 | 9/14 | 10/14 | 11/14 | 12/14 |
| 6.0% | 6.2% | 6.1% | 5.7% | 5.5% | 5.0% | 5.3% | 5.4% | 5.4% | 4.8% | 4.9% | 5.0% |
| 1/15 | 2/15 | 3/15 | 4/15 | 5/15 | 6/15 | 7/15 | 8/15 | 9/15 | 10/15 | 11/15 | 12/15 |
| 5.2% | 5.1% | 4.8% | 4.7% | 4.4% | 4.2% | 4.4% | 4.4% | 4.3% | 4.3% | 4.4% | 4.1% |
| 1/16 | 2/16 | 3/16 | 4/16 | 5/16 | 6/16 | 7/16 | 8/16 | 9/16 | 10/16 | 11/16 | 12/16 |
| 4.2% | 4.2% | 4.1% | 4.1% | 3.9% | 4.2% | 4.3% | 4.3% | 4.2% | 4.2% | 3.9% | 3.8% |
| 1/17 | 2/17 | 3/17 | 4/17 | 5/17 | 6/17 | 7/17 | 8/17 | 9/17 | 10/17 | 11/17 | 12/17 |
| 3.8% | 4.0% | 3.7% | 3.7% | 4.0% | 3.8% | 3.7% | 3.8% | 3.6% | 3.7% | 3.6% | 3.6% |
| 1/18 | 2/18 | 3/18 | 4/18 | 5/18 | 6/18 | 7/18 | 8/18 | 9/18 | 10/18 | 11/18 | 12/18 |
| 3.4% | 3.5% | 3.6% | 3.5% | 3.2% | 3.3% | 3.2% | 3.5% | 3.2% | 3.0% | 3.1% | 3.3% |
| 1/19 | 2/19 | 3/19 | 4/19 | 5/19 | 6/19 | 7/19 | 8/19 | 9/19 | 10/19 | 11/19 | 12/19 |
| 3.4% | 3.2% | 3.4% | 3.1% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 3.2% | 3.1% | 2.9% | 2.9% | 2.9% | 2.7% |
| 1/20 | 2/20 | 3/20 | 4/20 | 5/20 | 6/20 | 7/20 | 8/20 | 9/20 | 10/20 | 11/20 | 12/20 |
| 2.8% | 3.0% | 3.7% | 15.0% | 13.3% | 10.9% | 10.0% | 8.0% | 8.1% | 6.6% | 6.3% | 6.3% |
| 1/21 | 2/21 | 3/21 | 4/21 | 5/21 | 6/21 | 7/21 | 8/21 | 9/21 | 10/21 | 11/21 | 12/21 |
| 6.2% | 5.9% | 5.9% | 5.8% | 5.9% | 5.8% | 5.0% | 5.1% | 4.5% | 4.4% | 3,7% | 3.6% |
| 1/22 | 2/22 | 3/23 | 4/22 | 5/22 | 6/22 | 7/22 | 8/22 | 9/22 | 10/22 | 11/22 | 12/22 |
| 3.6% | 3.8% | 3.0% | 3.1% | 3.4% | 3.1% | 2.8% | 2.9% | 2.9% | 3.0% | 3.2% | 2.9% |
| 1/23 | 2/23 | 3/23 | 4/23 | 5/23 | 6/23 | 7/23 | 8/23 | 9/23 | 10/23 | 11/23 | 12/23 |
| 2.9% | 3.2% | 3.0% | 2.9% | 3.2% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.1% | 2.8% | 3.1% |
| 1/23 | 2/23 | 3/23 | 4/23 | 5/23 | 6/23 | 7/23 | 8/23 | 9/23 | 10/23 | 11/23 | 12/23 |
| 2.9% | 3.2% | 3.0% | 2.9% | 3.2% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.1% | 2.8% | 3.1% |
| 1/24 | 2/24 | 3/24 | 4/24 | 5/24 | 6/24 | 7/24 | 8/24 | 9/24 | 10/24 | 11/24 | 12/24 |
| 3.3% | 3.1% | 3.4% | 3.3% | 3.1% | 3.4% | 3.5% | 3.4% | 3.4% | 3.4% | 3.6% |
BS/BS + – Unemployment Rate
| 1/08 | 2/08 | 3/08 | 4/08 | 5/08 | 6/08 | 7/08 | 8/08 | 9/08 | 10/08 | 11/08 | 12/08 |
| 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.3% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 2.7% | 2.6% | 3.1% | 3.2% | 3.7% |
| 1/09 | 2/09 | 3/09 | 4/09 | 5/09 | 6/09 | 7/09 | 8/09 | 9/09 | 10/09 | 11/09 | 12/09 |
| 3.9% | 4.1% | 4.3% | 4.4% | 4.8% | 4.7% | 4.7% | 4.7% | 4.9% | 4.7% | 4.9% | 5.0% |
| 1/10 | 2/10 | 3/10 | 4/10 | 5/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 8/10 | 9/10 | 10/10 | 11/10 | 12/10 |
| 4.8% | 5.0% | 4.9% | 4.9% | 4.7% | 4.4% | 4.5% | 4.6% | 4.4% | 4.7% | 5.1% | 4.8% |
| 1/11 | 2/11 | 3/11 | 4/11 | 5/11 | 6/11 | 7/11 | 8/11 | 9/11 | 10/11 | 11/11 | 12/11 |
| 4.2% | 4.3% | 4.4% | 4.5% | 4.5% | 4.4% | 4.3% | 4.3% | 4.2% | 4.4% | 4.4% | 4.1% |
| 1/12 | 2/12 | 3/12 | 4/12 | 5/12 | 6/12 | 7/12 | 8/12 | 9/12 | 10/12 | 11/12 | 12/12 |
| 4.2% | 4.2% | 4.2% | 4.0% | 3.9% | 4.1% | 4.1% | 4.1% | 4.1% | 3.8% | 3.8% | 3.9% |
| 1/13 | 2/13 | 3/13 | 4/13 | 5/13 | 6/13 | 7/13 | 8/13 | 9/13 | 10/13 | 11/13 | 12/13 |
| 3.8% | 3.8% | 3.8% | 3.9% | 3.8% | 3.9% | 3.8% | 3.5% | 3.7% | 3.8% | 3.4% | 3.3% |
| 1/14 | 2/14 | 3/14 | 4/14 | 5/14 | 6/14 | 7/14 | 8/14 | 9/14 | 10/14 | 11/14 | 12/14 |
| 3.3% | 3.4% | 3.4% | 3.3% | 3.2% | 3.3% | 3.1% | 3.2% | 2.9% | 3.1% | 3.2% | 2.8% |
| 1/15 | 2/15 | 3/15 | 4/15 | 5/15 | 6/15 | 7/15 | 8/15 | 9/15 | 10/15 | 11/15 | 12/15 |
| 2.8% | 2.7% | 2.5% | 2.7% | 2.7% | 2.5% | 2.6% | 2.5% | 2.5% | 2.5% | 2.5% | 2.5% |
| 1/16 | 2/16 | 3/16 | 4/16 | 5/16 | 6/16 | 7/16 | 8/16 | 9/16 | 10/16 | 11/16 | 12/16 |
| 2.5% | 2.5% | 2.6% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 2.5% | 2.7% | 2.5% | 2.6% | 2.3% | 2.5% |
| 1/17 | 2/17 | 3/17 | 4/17 | 5/17 | 6/17 | 7/17 | 8/17 | 9/17 | 10/17 | 11/17 | 12/17 |
| 2.5% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 2.4% | 2.3% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 2.3% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.1% |
| 1/18 | 2/18 | 3/18 | 4/18 | 5/18 | 6/18 | 7/18 | 8/18 | 9/18 | 10/18 | 11/18 | 12/18 |
| 2.1% | 2.3% | 2.2% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 2.3% | 2.2% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.2% | 2.1% |
| 1/19 | 2/19 | 3/19 | 4/19 | 5/19 | 6/19 | 7/19 | 8/19 | 9/19 | 10/19 | 11/19 | 12/19 |
| 2.4% | 2.2% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.2% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 1.9% |
| 1/20 | 2/20 | 3/20 | 4/20 | 5/20 | 6/20 | 7/20 | 8/20 | 9/20 | 10/20 | 11/20 | 12/20 |
| 2.0% | 1.9% | 2.5% | 8.4% | 7.4% | 6.9% | 6.7% | 5.3% | 4.7% | 4.2% | 4.2% | 3.8% |
| 1/21 | 2/21 | 3/21 | 4/21 | 5/21 | 6/21 | 7/21 | 8/21 | 9/21 | 10/21 | 11/21 | 12/21 |
| 4.0% | 3.8% | 3.7% | 3.5% | 3.2% | 3.5% | 3.1% | 2.8% | 2.5% | 2.4% | 2.3% | 2.1% |
| 1/22 | 2/22 | 3/22 | 4/22 | 5/22 | 6/22 | 7/22 | 8/22 | 9/22 | 10/22 | 11/22 | 12/22 |
| 2.3% | 2.2% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 1.9% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 2.0% | 1.9% |
| 1/23 | 2/23 | 3/23 | 4/23 | 5/23 | 6/23 | 7/23 | 8/23 | 9/23 | 10/23 | 11/23 | 12/23 |
| 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 1.9% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.2% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.1% |
| 1/24 | 2/24 | 3/24 | 4/24 | 5/24 | 6/24 | 7/24 | 8/24 | 9/24 | 10/24 | 11/24 | 12/24 |
| 2.1% | 2.2% | 2.1% | 2.2% | 2.1% | 2.4% | 2.3% | 2.5% | 2.3% | 2.5% | 2.4% |
Management, Professional & Related – Unemployment Rate
| 1/08 | 2/08 | 3/08 | 4/08 | 5/08 | 6/08 | 7/08 | 8/08 | 9/08 | 10/08 | 11/08 | 12/08 |
| 2.2% | 2.2% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 2.6% | 2.7% | 2.9% | 3.3% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 3.2% | 3.3% |
| 1/09 | 2/09 | 3/09 | 4/09 | 5/09 | 6/09 | 7/09 | 8/09 | 9/09 | 10/09 | 11/09 | 12/09 |
| 4.1% | 3.9% | 4.2% | 4.0% | 4.6% | 5.0% | 5.5% | 5.4% | 5.2% | 4.7% | 4.6% | 4.6% |
| 1/10 | 2/10 | 3/10 | 4/10 | 5/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 8/10 | 9/10 | 10/10 | 11/10 | 12/10 |
| 5.0% | 4.8% | 4.7% | 4.5% | 4.5% | 4.9% | 5.0% | 5.1% | 4.4% | 4.5% | 4.7% | 4.6% |
| 1/11 | 2/11 | 3/11 | 4/11 | 5/11 | 6/11 | 7/11 | 8/11 | 9/11 | 10/11 | 11/11 | 12/11 |
| 4.7% | 4.4% | 4.3% | 4.0% | 4.4% | 4.7% | 5.0% | 4.9% | 4.4% | 4.4% | 4.2% | 4.2% |
| 1/12 | 2/12 | 3/12 | 4/12 | 5/12 | 6/12 | 7/12 | 8/12 | 9/12 | 10/12 | 11/12 | 12/12 |
| 4.3% | 4.2% | 4.2% | 3.7% | 4.0% | 4.4% | 4.8% | 4.5% | 3.9% | 3.8% | 3.6% | 3.9% |
| 1/13 | 2/13 | 3/13 | 4/13 | 5/13 | 6/13 | 7/13 | 8/13 | 9/13 | 10/13 | 11/13 | 12/13 |
| 3.9% | 3.8% | 3.6% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 4.2% | 4.1% | 3.8% | 3.5% | 3.4% | 3.1% | 2.9% |
| 1/14 | 2/14 | 3/14 | 4/14 | 5/14 | 6/14 | 7/14 | 8/14 | 9/14 | 10/14 | 11/14 | 12/14 |
| 3.1% | 3.2% | 3.3% | 2.9% | 3.1% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.4% | 2.8% | 2.7% | 2.8% | 2.7% |
| 1/15 | 2/15 | 3/15 | 4/15 | 5/15 | 6/15 | 7/15 | 8/15 | 9/15 | 10/15 | 11/15 | 12/15 |
| 2.9% | 2.7% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 2.9% | 3.1% | 2.9% | 2.4% | 2.2% | 2.1% | 2.0% |
| 1/16 | 2/16 | 3/16 | 4/16 | 5/16 | 6/16 | 7/16 | 8/16 | 9/16 | 10/16 | 11/16 | 12/16 |
| 2.3% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 3.1% | 2.7% | 2.5% | 2.3% | 2.2% |
| 1/17 | 2/17 | 3/17 | 4/17 | 5/17 | 6/17 | 7/17 | 8/17 | 9/17 | 10/17 | 11/17 | 12/17 |
| 2.3% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 1.9% | 2.3% | 2.7% | 2.8% | 2.3% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 2.0% |
| 1/18 | 2/18 | 3/18 | 4/18 | 5/18 | 6/18 | 7/18 | 8/18 | 9/18 | 10/18 | 11/18 | 12/18 |
| 2.2% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 1.8% | 1.7% | 2.5% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 2.0% | 1.9% | 2.1% | 2.1% |
| 1/19 | 2/19 | 3/19 | 4/19 | 5/19 | 6/19 | 7/19 | 8/19 | 9/19 | 10/19 | 11/19 | 12/19 |
| 2.5% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 2.3% | 1.9% | 1.8% | 1.8% | 1.8% |
| 1/20 | 2/20 | 3/20 | 4/20 | 5/20 | 6/20 | 7/20 | 8/20 | 9/20 | 10/20 | 11/20 | 12/20 |
| 2.2% | 1.8% | 2.5% | 7.7% | 6.6% | 6.5% | 6.6% | 5.5% | 4.5% | 3.7% | 3.7% | 3.4% |
| 1/21 | 2/21 | 3/21 | 4/21 | 5/21 | 6/21 | 7/21 | 8/21 | 9/21 | 10/21 | 11/21 | 12/21 |
| 3.7% | 3.2% | 3.1% | 3.0% | 2.8% | 3.5% | 3.3% | 3.2% | 2.4% | 2.2% | 1.9% | 1.7% |
| 1/22 | 2/22 | 3/22 | 4/22 | 5/22 | 6/22 | 7/22 | 8/22 | 9/22 | 10/22 | 11/22 | 12/22 |
| 2.3% | 2.2% | 1.5% | 1.6% | 1.6% | 2.2% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 1.8% | 1.7% |
| 1/23 | 2/23 | 3/23 | 4/23 | 5/23 | 6/23 | 7/23 | 8/23 | 9/23 | 10/23 | 11/23 | 12/23 |
| 2.1% | 2.0% | 1.9% | 1.6% | 1.8% | 2.2% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 2.0% | 1.9% | 1.8% | 1.8% |
| 1/24 | 2/24 | 3/24 | 4/24 | 5/24 | 6/24 | 7/24 | 8/24 | 9/24 | 10/24 | 11/24 | 12/24 |
| 2.1% | 2.2% | 2.2% | 1.9% | 2.0% | 2.6% | 2.9% | 2.9% | 2.3% | 2.3% | 2.2% |
Or employed… (,000)
| 1/08 | 2/08 | 3/08 | 4/08 | 5/08 | 6/08 | 7/08 | 8/08 | 9/08 | 10/08 | 11/08 | 12/08 |
| 52,165 | 52,498 | 52,681 | 52,819 | 52,544 | 52,735 | 52,655 | 52,626 | 53,104 | 53,485 | 53,274 | 52,548 |
| 1/09 | 2/09 | 3/09 | 4/09 | 5/09 | 6/09 | 7/09 | 8/09 | 9/09 | 10/09 | 11/09 | 12/09 |
| 52,358 | 52,196 | 52,345 | 52,597 | 52,256 | 51,776 | 51,810 | 51,724 | 52,186 | 52,981 | 52,263 | 52,131 |
| 1/10 | 2/10 | 3/10 | 4/10 | 5/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 8/10 | 9/10 | 10/10 | 11/10 | 12/10 |
| 52,159 | 52,324 | 52,163 | 52,355 | 51,839 | 51,414 | 50,974 | 50,879 | 51,757 | 51,818 | 52,263 | 51,704 |
| 1/11 | 2/11 | 3/11 | 4/11 | 5/11 | 6/11 | 7/11 | 8/11 | 9/11 | 10/11 | 11/11 | 12/11 |
| 51,866 | 52,557 | 53,243 | 53,216 | 52,778 | 52,120 | 51,662 | 51,997 | 52,665 | 52,864 | 52,787 | 52,808 |
| 1/12 | 2/12 | 3/12 | 4/12 | 5/12 | 6/12 | 7/12 | 8/12 | 9/12 | 10/12 | 11/12 | 12/12 |
| 53,152 | 53,208 | 53,771 | 54,055 | 54,156 | 53,846 | 53,165 | 53,696 | 54,655 | 55,223 | 54,951 | 54,635 |
| 1/13 | 2/13 | 3/13 | 4/13 | 5/13 | 6/13 | 7/13 | 8/13 | 9/13 | 10/13 | 11/13 | 12/13 |
| 54,214 | 54,563 | 54,721 | 54,767 | 54,740 | 54,323 | 54,064 | 54,515 | 55,013 | 55,155 | 55,583 | 54,880 |
| 1/14 | 2/14 | 3/14 | 4/14 | 5/14 | 6/14 | 7/14 | 8/14 | 9/14 | 10/14 | 11/14 | 12/14 |
| 55,096 | 55,501 | 56,036 | 55,896 | 56,202 | 55,714 | 55,381 | 55,646 | 56,365 | 56,759 | 57,110 | 56,888 |
| 1/15 | 2/15 | 3/15 | 4/15 | 5/15 | 6/15 | 7/15 | 8/15 | 9/15 | 10/15 | 11/15 | 12/15 |
| 57,367 | 57,596 | 57,805 | 57,953 | 58,155 | 57,710 | 57,392 | 57,288 | 58,105 | 58,456 | 58,667 | 59,030 |
| 1/16 | 2/16 | 3/16 | 4/16 | 5/16 | 6/16 | 7/16 | 8/16 | 9/16 | 10/16 | 11/16 | 12/16 |
| 59,014 | 59,583 | 60,080 | 59,690 | 59,613 | 59,181 | 58,434 | 58,526 | 59,599 | 59,766 | 59,707 | 60,069 |
| 1/17 | 2/17 | 3/17 | 4/17 | 5/17 | 6/17 | 7/17 | 8/17 | 9/17 | 10/17 | 11/17 | 12/17 |
| 59,921 | 61,064 | 61,156 | 61,317 | 61,174 | 60,705 | 59,923 | 59,559 | 60,990 | 61,062 | 61,818 | 62,121 |
| 1/18 | 2/18 | 3/18 | 4/18 | 5/18 | 6/18 | 7/18 | 8/18 | 9/18 | 10/18 | 11/18 | 12/18 |
| 62,123 | 62,908 | 63,067 | 62,561 | 62,360 | 61,349 | 61,433 | 61,593 | 62,181 | 62,929 | 63,084 | 63,642 |
| 1/19 | 2/19 | 3/19 | 4/19 | 5/19 | 6/19 | 7/19 | 8/19 | 9/19 | 10/19 | 11/19 | 12/19 |
| 63,818 | 64,281 | 64,299 | 63,560 | 63,594 | 63,418 | 63,394 | 63,679 | 64,343 | 64,997 | 65,548 | 65,682 |
| 1/20 | 2/20 | 3/20 | 4/20 | 5/20 | 6/20 | 7/20 | 8/20 | 9/20 | 10/20 | 11/20 | 12/20 |
| 65,533 | 66,091 | 65,881 | 61,152 | 62,330 | 63,290 | 62,451 | 63,095 | 62,759 | 63,277 | 63,387 | 64,007 |
| 1/21 | 2/21 | 3/21 | 4/21 | 5/21 | 6/21 | 7/21 | 8/21 | 9/21 | 10/21 | 11/21 | 12/21 |
| 63,886 | 64,471 | 64,503 | 64,264 | 64,268 | 64,316 | 64,179 | 64,122 | 65,163 | 65,335 | 66,060 | 66,366 |
| 1/22 | 2/22 | 3/22 | 4/22 | 5/22 | 6/22 | 7/22 | 8/22 | 9/22 | 10/22 | 11/22 | 12/22 |
| 66,740 | 67,754 | 67,823 | 67,319 | 67,652 | 67,224 | 67,874 | 68,377 | 69,056 | 68,918 | 69.156 | 69,297 |
| 1/23 | 2/23 | 3/23 | 4/23 | 5/23 | 6/23 | 7/23 | 8/23 | 9/23 | 10/23 | 11/23 | 12/23 |
| 69,249 | 69,986 | 70,651 | 70,403 | 70,388 | 69,956 | 69,662 | 69,280 | 70,417 | 71,387 | 71,350 | 70,572 |
| 1/24 | 2/24 | 3/24 | 4/24 | 5/24 | 6/24 | 7/24 | 8/24 | 9/24 | 10/24 | 11/24 | 12/24 |
| 70,650 | 70,217 | 70,786 | 70,548 | 70.897 | 71,002 | 70,167 | 69,892 | 70,916 | 71,553 | 71,258 |
And unemployed… (,000)
| 1/08 | 2/08 | 3/08 | 4/08 | 5/08 | 6/08 | 7/08 | 8/08 | 9/08 | 10/08 | 11/08 | 12/08 |
| 1,164 | 1,159 | 1,121 | 1,088 | 1,407 | 1,478 | 1,585 | 1,779 | 1,539 | 1,647 | 1,786 | 1,802 |
| 1/09 | 2/09 | 3/09 | 4/09 | 5/09 | 6/09 | 7/09 | 8/09 | 9/09 | 10/09 | 11/09 | 12/09 |
| 2,238 | 2,137 | 2,292 | 2,164 | 2,373 | 2,720 | 3,034 | 2,925 | 2,859 | 2,593 | 2,530 | 2,509 |
| 1/10 | 2/10 | 3/10 | 4/10 | 5/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 8/10 | 9/10 | 10/10 | 11/10 | 12/10 |
| 2,762 | 2,637 | 2,600 | 2,464 | 2,450 | 2,644 | 2,687 | 2,762 | 2,381 | 2,417 | 2,525 | 2,468 |
| 1/11 | 2/11 | 3/11 | 4/11 | 5/11 | 6/11 | 7/11 | 8/11 | 9/11 | 10/11 | 11/11 | 12/11 |
| 2,557 | 2,435 | 2,381 | 2,196 | 2,419 | 2,598 | 2,742 | 2,671 | 2,450 | 2,410 | 2,336 | 2,303 |
| 1/12 | 2/12 | 3/12 | 4/12 | 5/12 | 6/12 | 7/12 | 8/12 | 9/12 | 10/12 | 11/12 | 12/12 |
| 2,410 | 2,336 | 2,330 | 2,062 | 2,275 | 2,472 | 2,666 | 2,556 | 2,245 | 2,170 | 2,077 | 2,221 |
| 1/13 | 2/13 | 3/13 | 4/13 | 5/13 | 6/13 | 7/13 | 8/13 | 9/13 | 10/13 | 11/13 | 12/13 |
| 2,211 | 2,164 | 2,020 | 1,980 | 1,990 | 2,358 | 2,286 | 2,130 | 1,978 | 1,930 | 1,749 | 1,637 |
| 1/14 | 2/14 | 3/14 | 4/14 | 5/14 | 6/14 | 7/14 | 8/14 | 9/14 | 10/14 | 11/14 | 12/14 |
| 1,784 | 1,845 | 1,890 | 1,642 | 1,795 | 2,001 | 2,011 | 1,930 | 1,617 | 1,582 | 1,656 | 1,568 |
| 1/15 | 2/15 | 3/15 | 4/15 | 5/15 | 6/15 | 7/15 | 8/15 | 9/15 | 10/15 | 11/15 | 12/15 |
| 1,741 | 1,601 | 1,398 | 1,435 | 1,460 | 1,714 | 1,807 | 1,686 | 1,414 | 1,312 | 1,276 | 1,208 |
| 1/16 | 2/16 | 3/16 | 4/16 | 5/16 | 6/16 | 7/16 | 8/16 | 9/16 | 10/16 | 11/16 | 12/16 |
| 1,404 | 1,456 | 1,477 | 1,251 | 1,305 | 1,712 | 1,782 | 1,869 | 1,652 | 1,506 | 1,382 | 1,361 |
| 1/17 | 2/17 | 3/17 | 4/17 | 5/17 | 6/17 | 7/17 | 8/17 | 9/17 | 10/17 | 11/17 | 12/17 |
| 1,425 | 1,313 | 1,265 | 1,254 | 1,208 | 1,440 | 1,656 | 1,731 | 1,463 | 1,285 | 1,266 | 1,290 |
| 1/18 | 2/18 | 3/18 | 4/18 | 5/18 | 6/18 | 7/18 | 8/18 | 9/18 | 10/18 | 11/18 | 12/18 |
| 1,374 | 1,301 | 1,310 | 1,134 | 1,083 | 1,575 | 1,539 | 1,591 | 1,299 | 1,246 | 1,330 | 1,368 |
| 1/19 | 2/19 | 3/19 | 4/19 | 5/19 | 6/19 | 7/19 | 8/19 | 9/19 | 10/19 | 11/19 | 12/19 |
| 1,607 | 1,317 | 1,289 | 1,040 | 1,086 | 1,540 | 1,591 | 1,476 | 1,235 | 1,161 | 1,208 | 1,171 |
| 1/20 | 2/20 | 3/20 | 4/20 | 5/20 | 6/20 | 7/20 | 8/20 | 9/20 | 10/20 | 11/20 | 12/20 |
| 1,454 | 1,207 | 1,663 | 5,079 | 4,432 | 4,390 | 4,400 | 3,680 | 2,946 | 2,448 | 2,415 | 2,235 |
| 1/21 | 2/21 | 3/21 | 4/21 | 5/21 | 6/21 | 7/21 | 8/21 | 9/21 | 10/21 | 11/21 | 12/21 |
| 2,433 | 2,158 | 2,063 | 2,014 | 1,879 | 2,303 | 2,203 | 2,123 | 1,580 | 1,453 | 1,308 | 1,146 |
| 1/22 | 2/22 | 3/22 | 4/22 | 5/22 | 6/22 | 7/22 | 8/22 | 9/22 | 10/22 | 11/22 | 12/22 |
| 1,583 | 1,490 | 1,053 | 1,088 | 1,098 | 1,520 | 1,650 | 1,647 | 1,291 | 1,398 | 1,247 | 1,198 |
| 1/23 | 2/23 | 3/23 | 4/23 | 5/23 | 6/23 | 7/23 | 8/23 | 9/23 | 10/23 | 11/23 | 12/23 |
| 1,460 | 1,406 | 1,368 | 1,153 | 1,281 | 1,609 | 1,701 | 1,712 | 1,466 | 1,415 | 1,301 | 1,314 |
| 1/24 | 2/24 | 3/24 | 4/24 | 5/24 | 6/24 | 7/24 | 8/24 | 9/24 | 10/24 | 11/24 | 12/24 |
| 1,527 | 1,580 | 1,580 | 1,399 | 1,423 | 1,887 | 2,095 | 2,056 | 1,647 | 1,689 | 1,581 |
For a total Management, Professional & Related workforce of…(,000)
| 1/08 | 2/08 | 3/08 | 4/08 | 5/08 | 6/08 | 7/08 | 8/08 | 9/08 | 10/08 | 11/08 | 12/08 |
| 53,329 | 53,657 | 53,802 | 53,907 | 53,951 | 54,213 | 54,240 | 54,405 | 54,643 | 55,132 | 55,060 | 54,350 |
| 1/09 | 2/09 | 3/09 | 4/09 | 5/09 | 6/09 | 7/09 | 8/09 | 9/09 | 10/09 | 11/09 | 12/09 |
| 54,596 | 54,333 | 54,637 | 54,761 | 54,629 | 54,496 | 54,844 | 54,649 | 55,045 | 55,574 | 54,793 | 54,640 |
| 1/10 | 2/10 | 3/10 | 4/10 | 5/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 8/10 | 9/10 | 10/10 | 11/10 | 12/10 |
| 54,921 | 54,961 | 54,763 | 54,819 | 54,289 | 54,058 | 53,661 | 53,641 | 54,138 | 54,235 | 54,788 | 54,172 |
| 1/11 | 2/11 | 3/11 | 4/11 | 5/11 | 6/11 | 7/11 | 8/11 | 9/11 | 10/11 | 11/11 | 12/11 |
| 54,423 | 54,992 | 55,624 | 55,412 | 55,197 | 54,718 | 54,404 | 54,668 | 55,115 | 55,274 | 55,123 | 55,111 |
| 1/12 | 2/12 | 3/12 | 4/12 | 5/12 | 6/12 | 7/12 | 8/12 | 9/12 | 10/12 | 11/12 | 12/12 |
| 55,562 | 55,544 | 56,101 | 56,117 | 56,431 | 56,318 | 55,831 | 56,252 | 56,900 | 57,393 | 57,028 | 56,856 |
| 1/13 | 2/13 | 3/13 | 4/13 | 5/13 | 6/13 | 7/13 | 8/13 | 9/13 | 10/13 | 11/13 | 12/13 |
| 56,425 | 56,727 | 56,741 | 56,747 | 56,730 | 56,681 | 56,350 | 56,645 | 56,991 | 57,085 | 57,332 | 56,517 |
| 1/14 | 2/14 | 3/14 | 4/14 | 5/14 | 6/14 | 7/14 | 8/14 | 9/14 | 10/14 | 11/14 | 12/14 |
| 56,880 | 57,346 | 57,926 | 57,538 | 57,997 | 57,715 | 57,392 | 57,576 | 57,982 | 58,341 | 58,766 | 58,456 |
| 1/15 | 2/15 | 3/15 | 4/15 | 5/15 | 6/15 | 7/15 | 8/15 | 9/15 | 10/15 | 11/15 | 12/15 |
| 59,108 | 59,197 | 59,203 | 59,388 | 59,615 | 59,424 | 59,199 | 58,974 | 59,519 | 59,768 | 59,943 | 60,238 |
| 1/16 | 2/16 | 3/16 | 4/16 | 5/16 | 6/16 | 7/16 | 8/16 | 9/16 | 10/16 | 11/16 | 12/16 |
| 60,418 | 61,039 | 61,557 | 60,941 | 60,918 | 60,893 | 60,216 | 60,395 | 61,251 | 61,272 | 61,089 | 61,430 |
| 1/17 | 2/17 | 3/17 | 4/17 | 5/17 | 6/17 | 7/17 | 8/17 | 9/17 | 10/17 | 11/17 | 12/17 |
| 61,346 | 62,377 | 62,421 | 62,571 | 62,382 | 62,145 | 61,579 | 61,290 | 62,453 | 62,347 | 63,084 | 63,411 |
| 1/18 | 2/18 | 3/18 | 4/18 | 5/18 | 6/18 | 7/18 | 8/18 | 9/18 | 10/18 | 11/18 | 12/18 |
| 63,497 | 64,209 | 64,377 | 63,695 | 63,443 | 62,924 | 62,972 | 63,184 | 63,480 | 64,175 | 64,414 | 65,010 |
| 1/19 | 2/19 | 3/19 | 4/19 | 5/19 | 6/19 | 7/19 | 8/19 | 9/19 | 10/19 | 11/19 | 12/19 |
| 65,425 | 65,598 | 65,588 | 64,600 | 64,680 | 64,958 | 64,985 | 65,155 | 65,578 | 66,158 | 66,756 | 66,853 |
| 1/20 | 2/20 | 3/20 | 4/20 | 5/20 | 6/20 | 7/20 | 8/20 | 9/20 | 10/20 | 11/20 | 12/20 |
| 66,987 | 67,298 | 67,544 | 66,231 | 66,762 | 67,680 | 66,851 | 66,775 | 65,705 | 65,675 | 65,802 | 66,242 |
| 1/21 | 2/21 | 3/21 | 4/21 | 5/21 | 6/21 | 7/21 | 8/21 | 9/21 | 10/21 | 11/21 | 12/21 |
| 66,319 | 66,629 | 66,566 | 66,278 | 66,147 | 66,619 | 66,382 | 66,245 | 66,743 | 66,788 | 67,368 | 67,512 |
| 1/22 | 2/22 | 3/22 | 4/22 | 5/22 | 6/22 | 7/22 | 8/22 | 9/22 | 10/22 | 11/22 | 12/22 |
| 68,323 | 69,244 | 68,876 | 68,407 | 68,750 | 68,744 | 69,524 | 70,024 | 70,347 | 70,316 | 70.403 | 70,495 |
| 1/23 | 2/23 | 3/23 | 4/23 | 5/23 | 6/23 | 7/23 | 8/23 | 9/23 | 10/23 | 11/23 | 12/23 |
| 70,709 | 71,392 | 72,019 | 71,556 | 71,669 | 71,565 | 71,363 | 70,992 | 71,883 | 72,802 | 72,651 | 71,886 |
| 1/24 | 2/24 | 3/24 | 4/24 | 5/24 | 6/24 | 7/24 | 8/24 | 9/24 | 10/24 | 11/24 | 12/24 |
| 72,177 | 71,797 | 72,366 | 71,947 | 72,320 | 72,889 | 72,262 | 71,948 | 72,563 | 73,242 | 72,839 |
Management, Business and Financial Operations – Unemployment Rate
| 1/08 | 2/08 | 3/08 | 4/08 | 5/08 | 6/08 | 7/08 | 8/08 | 9/08 | 10/08 | 11/08 | 12/08 |
| 2.3% | 2.3% | 2.2% | 2.1% | 2.7% | 2.5% | 2.6% | 2.8% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 3.6% | 3.9% |
| 1/09 | 2/09 | 3/09 | 4/09 | 5/09 | 6/09 | 7/09 | 8/09 | 9/09 | 10/09 | 11/09 | 12/09 |
| 4.6% | 4.5% | 4.5% | 4.4% | 4.6% | 4.8% | 4.9% | 5.0% | 5.2% | 5.4% | 5.4% | 5.2% |
| 1/10 | 2/10 | 3/10 | 4/10 | 5/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 8/10 | 9/10 | 10/10 | 11/10 | 12/10 |
| 5.2% | 5.1% | 5.4% | 5.1% | 4.9% | 4.8% | 4.7% | 4.9% | 4.3% | 5.0% | 5.5% | 5.7% |
| 1/11 | 2/11 | 3/11 | 4/11 | 5/11 | 6/11 | 7/11 | 8/11 | 9/11 | 10/11 | 11/11 | 12/11 |
| 5.3% | 4.9% | 4.8% | 4.6% | 4.9% | 4.6% | 4.6% | 4.6% | 4.6% | 4.7% | 4.6% | 4.4% |
| 1/12 | 2/12 | 3/12 | 4/12 | 5/12 | 6/12 | 7/12 | 8/12 | 9/12 | 10/12 | 11/12 | 12/12 |
| 4.5% | 4.4% | 4.4% | 4.0% | 4.1% | 3.8% | 3.8% | 3.7% | 3.5% | 3.6% | 3.8% | 4.1% |
| 1/13 | 2/13 | 3/13 | 4/13 | 5/13 | 6/13 | 7/13 | 8/13 | 9/13 | 10/13 | 11/13 | 12/13 |
| 4.0% | 3.9% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.8% | 3.5% | 3.1% | 3.4% | 3.3% | 3.7% | 3.2% | 3.1% |
| 1/14 | 2/14 | 3/14 | 4/14 | 5/14 | 6/14 | 7/14 | 8/14 | 9/14 | 10/14 | 11/14 | 12/14 |
| 3.4% | 3.6% | 3.5% | 3.2% | 3.3% | 2.8% | 2.7% | 2.6% | 2.4% | 2.7% | 2.7% | 2.5% |
| 1/15 | 2/15 | 3/15 | 4/15 | 5/15 | 6/15 | 7/15 | 8/15 | 9/15 | 10/15 | 11/15 | 12/15 |
| 3.0% | 2.8% | 2.6% | 2.6% | 2.9% | 2.4% | 2.3% | 2.2% | 2.4% | 2.2% | 2.1% | 1.9% |
| 1/16 | 2/16 | 3/16 | 4/16 | 5/16 | 6/16 | 7/16 | 8/16 | 9/16 | 10/16 | 11/16 | 12/16 |
| 2.3% | 2.6% | 2.5% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 2.8% | 2.5% | 2.3% | 2.4% |
| 1/17 | 2/17 | 3/17 | 4/17 | 5/17 | 6/17 | 7/17 | 8/17 | 9/17 | 10/17 | 11/17 | 12/17 |
| 2.5% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 2.2% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 1.9% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 1.9% | 1.9% | 2.0% |
| 1/18 | 2/18 | 3/18 | 4/18 | 5/18 | 6/18 | 7/18 | 8/18 | 9/18 | 10/18 | 11/18 | 12/18 |
| 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 1.8% | 1.7% | 2.1% | 1.9% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.2% |
| 1/19 | 2/19 | 3/19 | 4/19 | 5/19 | 6/19 | 7/19 | 8/19 | 9/19 | 10/19 | 11/19 | 12/19 |
| 2.5% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 1.4% | 1.5% | 1.9% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 1.6% | 1.9% |
| 1/20 | 2/20 | 3/20 | 4/20 | 5/20 | 6/20 | 7/20 | 8/20 | 9/20 | 10/20 | 11/20 | 12/20 |
| 2.3% | 1.8% | 2.2% | 6.2% | 5.1% | 4.8% | 5.1% | 4.7% | 4.8% | 4.3% | 3.9% | 3.6% |
| 1/21 | 2/21 | 3/21 | 4/21 | 5/21 | 6/21 | 7/21 | 8/21 | 9/21 | 10/21 | 11/21 | 12/21 |
| 3.8% | 3.5% | 3.4% | 3.1% | 2.9% | 3.0% | 2.6% | 2.9% | 2.3% | 2.3% | 2.2% | 1.8% |
| 1/22 | 2/22 | 3/22 | 4/22 | 5/22 | 6/22 | 7/22 | 8/22 | 9/22 | 10/22 | 11/22 | 12/22 |
| 2.1% | 2.1% | 1.5% | 1.6% | 1.4% | 1.6% | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.8% | 2.1% | 1.9% | 1.8% |
| 1/23 | 2/23 | 3/23 | 4/23 | 5/23 | 6/23 | 7/23 | 8/23 | 9/23 | 10/23 | 11/23 | 12/23 |
| 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 1.9% | 1.9% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 1.8% | 1.7% | 2.0% |
| 1/24 | 2/24 | 3/24 | 4/24 | 5/24 | 6/24 | 7/24 | 8/24 | 9/24 | 10/24 | 11/24 | 12/24 |
| 2.1% | 2.4% | 2.3% | 2.4% | 2.0% | 2.2% | 2.3% | 2.4% | 2.2% | 2.3% | 2.2% |
Professional & Related – Unemployment Rate
| 1/08 | 2/08 | 3/08 | 4/08 | 5/08 | 6/08 | 7/08 | 8/08 | 9/08 | 10/08 | 11/08 | 12/08 |
| 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.5% | 2.9% | 3.2% | 3.6% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 2.9% |
| 1/10 | 2/10 | 3/10 | 4/10 | 5/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 8/10 | 9/10 | 10/10 | 11/10 | 12/10 |
| 4.9% | 4.6% | 4.3% | 4.1% | 4.3% | 5.0% | 5.2% | 5.3% | 4.4% | 4.1% | 4.1% | 3.8% |
| 1/11 | 2/11 | 3/11 | 4/11 | 5/11 | 6/11 | 7/11 | 8/11 | 9/11 | 10/11 | 11/11 | 12/11 |
| 4.3% | 4.1% | 3.9% | 3.5% | 4.0% | 4.9% | 5.3% | 5.1% | 4.4% | 4.1% | 4.0% | 4.0% |
| 1/12 | 2/12 | 3/12 | 4/12 | 5/12 | 6/12 | 7/12 | 8/12 | 9/12 | 10/12 | 11/12 | 12/12 |
| 4.2% | 4.1% | 4.0% | 3.5% | 4.0% | 4.8% | 5.5% | 5.2% | 4.3% | 3.9% | 3.5% | 3.8% |
| 1/13 | 2/13 | 3/13 | 4/13 | 5/13 | 6/13 | 7/13 | 8/13 | 9/13 | 10/13 | 11/13 | 12/13 |
| 3.8% | 3.8% | 3.6% | 3.4% | 3.3% | 4.6% | 4.7% | 4.0% | 3.6% | 3.1% | 2.9% | 2.7% |
| 1/14 | 2/14 | 3/14 | 4/14 | 5/14 | 6/14 | 7/14 | 8/14 | 9/14 | 10/14 | 11/14 | 12/14 |
| 2.9% | 3.0% | 3.1% | 2.6% | 2.9% | 4.0% | 4.1% | 3.9% | 3.1% | 2.7% | 2.9% | 2.8% |
| 1/15 | 2/15 | 3/15 | 4/15 | 5/15 | 6/15 | 7/15 | 8/15 | 9/15 | 10/15 | 11/15 | 12/15 |
| 2.9% | 2.7% | 2.2% | 2.3% | 2.1% | 3.2% | 3.6% | 3.3% | 2.4% | 2.2% | 2.2% | 2.1% |
| 1/16 | 2/16 | 3/16 | 4/16 | 5/16 | 6/16 | 7/16 | 8/16 | 9/16 | 10/16 | 11/16 | 12/16 |
| 2.4% | 2.2% | 2.3% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 3.1% | 3.4% | 3.5% | 2.6% | 2.4% | 2.2% | 2.1% |
| 1/17 | 2/17 | 3/17 | 4/17 | 5/17 | 6/17 | 7/17 | 8/17 | 9/17 | 10/17 | 11/17 | 12/17 |
| 2.2% | 1.9% | 1.8% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 2.6% | 3.3% | 3.1% | 2.3% | 2.2% | 2.0% | 2.1% |
| 1/18 | 2/18 | 3/18 | 4/18 | 5/18 | 6/18 | 7/18 | 8/18 | 9/18 | 10/18 | 11/18 | 12/18 |
| 2.3% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 1.8% | 1.7% | 2.8% | 2.8% | 2.9% | 2.0% | 1.9% | 2.1% | 2.1% |
| 1/19 | 2/19 | 3/19 | 4/19 | 5/19 | 6/19 | 7/19 | 8/19 | 9/19 | 10/19 | 11/19 | 12/19 |
| 2.4% | 2.0% | 1.9% | 1.8% | 1.8% | 2.7% | 2.9% | 2.6% | 2.1% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 1.7% |
| 1/20 | 2/20 | 3/20 | 4/20 | 5/20 | 6/20 | 7/20 | 8/20 | 9/20 | 10/20 | 11/20 | 12/20 |
| 2.1% | 1.8% | 2.6% | 8.8% | 7.7% | 7.7% | 7.6% | 6.1% | 4.3% | 3.3% | 3.5% | 3.2% |
| 1/21 | 2/21 | 3/21 | 4/21 | 5/21 | 6/21 | 7/21 | 8/21 | 9/21 | 10/21 | 11/21 | 12/21 |
| 3.5% | 3.1% | 2.9% | 3.0% | 2.8% | 3.8% | 3.9% | 3.4% | 2.4% | 2.1% | 1.8% | 1.6% |
| 1/22 | 2/22 | 3/22 | 4/22 | 5/22 | 6/22 | 7/22 | 8/22 | 9/22 | 10/22 | 11/22 | 12/22 |
| 2.5% | 2.2% | 1.6% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 2.6% | 3.0% | 2.8% | 1.9% | 1.9% | 1.7% | 1.6% |
| 1/23 | 2/23 | 3/23 | 4/23 | 5/23 | 6/23 | 7/23 | 8/23 | 9/23 | 10/23 | 11/23 | 12/23 |
| 2.1% | 1.9% | 1.8% | 1.4% | 1.7% | 2.5% | 2.8% | 2.7% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 1.9% | 1.7% |
| 1/24 | 2/24 | 3/24 | 4/24 | 5/24 | 6/24 | 7/24 | 8/24 | 9/24 | 10/24 | 11/24 | 12/24 |
| 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 1.6% | 1.9% | 2.9% | 3.3% | 3.2% | 2.3% | 2.3% | 2.1% |
Sales & Related – Unemployment Rate
| 1/08 | 2/08 | 3/08 | 4/08 | 5/08 | 6/08 | 7/08 | 8/08 | 9/08 | 10/08 | 11/08 | 12/08 |
| 5.2% | 5.2% | 4.8% | 4.3% | 5.1% | 5.6% | 6.2% | 6.3% | 5.7% | 6.1% | 6.5% | 7.0% |
| 1/09 | 2/09 | 3/09 | 4/09 | 5/09 | 6/09 | 7/09 | 8/09 | 9/09 | 10/09 | 11/09 | 12/09 |
| 7.7% | 8.4% | 8.9% | 8.6% | 8.9% | 9.1% | 8.3% | 8.7% | 8.9% | 9.5% | 9.1% | 8.9% |
| 1/10 | 2/10 | 3/10 | 4/10 | 5/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 8/10 | 9/10 | 10/10 | 11/10 | 12/10 |
| 10.1% | 10.2% | 9.7% | 9.2% | 9.6% | 9.4% | 10.1% | 9.0% | 9.4% | 9.1% | 8.8% | 8.3% |
| 1/11 | 2/11 | 3/11 | 4/11 | 5/11 | 6/11 | 7/11 | 8/11 | 9/11 | 10/11 | 11/11 | 12/11 |
| 9.3% | 9.0% | 8.5% | 8.5% | 9.4% | 9.7% | 9.4% | 8.6% | 9.4% | 8.2% | 7.8% | 7.7% |
| 1/12 | 2/12 | 3/12 | 4/12 | 5/12 | 6/12 | 7/12 | 8/12 | 9/12 | 10/12 | 11/12 | 12/12 |
| 8.2% | 7.9% | 8.1% | 7.6% | 7.9% | 8.4% | 8.3% | 8.6% | 7.9% | 7.0% | 7.3% | 7.0% |
| 1/13 | 2/13 | 3/13 | 4/13 | 5/13 | 6/13 | 7/13 | 8/13 | 9/13 | 10/13 | 11/13 | 12/13 |
| 8.5% | 8.2% | 7.7% | 6.9% | 7.1% | 6.7% | 6.9% | 7.2% | 7.5% | 7.3% | 7.0% | 6.3% |
| 1/14 | 2/14 | 3/14 | 4/14 | 5/14 | 6/14 | 7/14 | 8/14 | 9/14 | 10/14 | 11/14 | 12/14 |
| 7.1% | 7.7% | 6.8% | 5.8% | 6.8% | 6.1% | 6.2% | 5.6% | 5.4% | 5.2% | 5.3% | 5.0% |
| 1/15 | 2/15 | 3/15 | 4/15 | 5/15 | 6/15 | 7/15 | 8/15 | 9/15 | 10/15 | 11/15 | 12/15 |
| 5.8% | 5.2% | 5.8% | 5.5% | 5.8% | 5.6% | 5.8% | 5.4% | 5.6% | 5.3% | 5.1% | 4.3% |
| 1/16 | 2/16 | 3/16 | 4/16 | 5/16 | 6/16 | 7/16 | 8/16 | 9/16 | 10/16 | 11/16 | 12/16 |
| 5.0% | 4.4% | 4.4% | 5.2% | 5.1% | 4.9% | 4.9% | 4.8% | 5.2% | 4.4% | 4.6% | 4.6% |
| 1/17 | 2/17 | 3/17 | 4/17 | 5/17 | 6/17 | 7/17 | 8/17 | 9/17 | 10/17 | 11/17 | 12/17 |
| 5.2% | 4.3% | 3.9% | 4.2% | 4.5% | 4.8% | 4.2% | 4.2% | 3.7% | 4.0% | 4.1% | 3.8% |
| 1/18 | 2/18 | 3/18 | 4/18 | 5/18 | 6/18 | 7/18 | 8/18 | 9/18 | 10/18 | 11/18 | 12/18 |
| 4.6% | 4.5% | 4.5% | 4.1% | 4.2% | 4.4% | 4.0% | 3.5% | 4.0% | 3.6% | 3.7% | 3.6% |
| 1/19 | 2/19 | 3/19 | 4/19 | 5/19 | 6/19 | 7/19 | 8/19 | 9/19 | 10/19 | 11/19 | 12/19 |
| 4.5% | 5.0% | 4.6% | 3.9% | 3.6% | 3.4% | 3.2% | 3.8% | 3.6% | 3.4% | 3.3% | 3.3% |
| 1/20 | 2/20 | 3/20 | 4/20 | 5/20 | 6/20 | 7/20 | 8/20 | 9/20 | 10/20 | 11/20 | 12/20 |
| 4.5% | 4.2% | 4.3% | 17.1% | 16.2% | 13.3% | 10.9% | 8.6% | 8.9% | 7.0% | 6.3% | 5.3% |
| 1/21 | 2/21 | 3/21 | 4/21 | 5/21 | 6/21 | 7/21 | 8/21 | 9/21 | 10/21 | 11/21 | 12/21 |
| 6.6% | 6.6% | 6.3% | 6.3% | 6.4% | 6.0% | 6.0% | 5.5% | 5.2% | 4.5% | 4.2% | 3.6% |
| 1/22 | 2/22 | 3/22 | 4/22 | 5/22 | 6/22 | 7/22 | 8/22 | 9/22 | 10/22 | 11/22 | 12/22 |
| 4.2% | 3.6% | 4.3% | 4.1% | 4.2% | 4.1% | 4.1% | 4.0% | 3.8% | 3.4% | 3.3% | 3.4% |
| 1/23 | 2/23 | 3/23 | 4/23 | 5/23 | 6/23 | 7/23 | 8/23 | 9/23 | 10/23 | 11/23 | 12/23 |
| 4.4% | 4.0% | 3.7% | 3.0% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 3.7% | 3.9% | 4.1% | 3.9% | 3.7% | 4.4% |
| 1/24 | 2/24 | 3/24 | 4/24 | 5/24 | 6/24 | 7/24 | 8/24 | 9/24 | 10/24 | 11/24 | 12/24 |
| 4.5% | 4.7% | 4.7% | 3.6% | 3.8% | 4.5% | 4.6% | 4.6% | 4.5% | 3.9% | 4.2% |